Thứ Năm, 10 tháng 8, 2017

Vận dụng cụm từ vào trong IELTS writing

Chia sẻ cho các bạn cách vận dụng cụm từ vào trong IELTS writing để đạt điểm cao nhé!

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S DNG CÁC CM DANH T
Đưa các S+V+O thành Noun-phrase. VD:
* children gain effective communication skills -> effective communication skills
* they will be more likely to be successful in their future careers -> career success

Câu viết li s thành
Effective communication skills (gained from schools) may contribute to career success (later in life)
2. S DNG MNH Đ PH BT ĐU VI HOW
The communication skills children gain at school may affect how successful they are in their future careers

Paraphrase - din đt li câu nhưng ý chính không đi là 1 k năng rt quan trng trong lúc viết và các bn hc sinh ca mình thường gp khó khăn vi k năng này
Ví d
Many women are choosing to have children when they are older
Có 1 s cách có th paraphrase câu trên như sau
1 - Thay đi t đng nghĩa
Many ->a large number
choose -> opt
when they are older -> later in life
Câu s khác đi so vi câu gc:
A large number of women are opting to have children later in life

2. Thay đi cu trúc câu
Câu gc nói v xu hướng ph n thay đi thi đim sinh n
-> S dng cm t v xu hướng: There is a tendency for smb to do smth Câu gc s tr thành:
There is an increasing tendency for women to have children later in their lives
PART VII- MT S VÍ D V PARAPHRASE
7.1 Thay thế cho Try & Spend money
Có 1 t khá hay trong lúc viết mà mi người có th dùng là t RESOURCES
Resources = all the money, property, skills etc that you have available to use when you need them
1- Trong 1 s trường hp, thay vì viết t TRY TO hoc MAKE AN EFFORT TO
Có th viết PUT MORE RESOURCES INTO
Ví d
The government tries to ensure (that) global companies pay their taxes in the UK
The government should PUT MORE RESOURCES INTO ensuring global firms pay their taxes in the UK
2. Thay vì viết spend money on smth hoc hire more people to do smth
Ví dụ:
The government needs to spend more money on building cheap houses
 The government needs TO PUT MORE RESOURCES INTO building affordable housing

7.2 Thay thế cho cannot & difficult
Trong lúc viết, rt bn gp khó khăn trong vic paraphrase t "cannot" hoc "difficult". VD như:
Many children CANNOT read or write because the quality of education is decreasing.
Hoc 1 s bn dùng cm t: ...FIND IT DIFFICULT TO ....
Dưới đây là 2 cách khác mà mi người có th dùng đ thay thế cho 'cannot' và 'difficult' nhé ^^
CÁCH 1: S dng t ‘struggle’
Many children STRUGGLE to read or write because the quality of education is decreasing.
CÁCH 2: S dng cm t ‘leave smb unable to do smth"

The quality of education is decreasing, which LEAVES many children UNABLE to read or write

7.3. Thay thế cho related to
Câu gc
There are social and medical problems related to the use of mobile phones
Mt s t có th s dng
Associated with
There are social and medical problems associated with the use of mobile phones

Drawbacks involved in V-ing
There are several health and social drawbacks involved in using mobile phones

7.4 Thay thế cho t such as
Câu gc
Many people worldwide are facing health problems such as cancer
Có th dùng INCLUDING (đng t gc là include)
Many people worldwide are facing health problems including cancer

7.5 Thay thế cho affect one’s health
Nhiu bn khi din đt vic gì đó nh hưởng đến sc khe thường dùng "have a negative impact on people's health" hoc đơn gin hơn là "affect people's health". Sau đây mình chia s 2 cách khác mi người có th dùng

1. X is at the expense of people's health. = X được phát trin/thc hin da trên vic hy sinh li ích sc khe ca con người
Câu gc
The smoking industry brings economic benefits, but smoking affects people's health
Viết li
While the smoking industry brings economic benefits, it is AT THE EXPENSE OF PEOPLE'S
HEALTH
2. X puts people's health at risk = X cha đng nguy cơ v sc khe
Câu gc
Air pollution affects people's health.
Viết li
Air pollution levels in big cities have been on the rise, PUTTING PEOPLE'S HEALTH AT RISK.
7.6 Thay thế cho (children) grow up
Câu gc
If children are maltreated, when they grow up, their health will be not good
= Nếu tr em b ngược đãi thì khi ln lên sc khe ca chúng s không tt
2 cách không quá phc tp đ ci thin câu phía trên
1. Dùng cu trúc [S Ved O as children are more likely to ....]
Those who WERE MALTREATED AS CHILDREN are more likely to have poor health later in life
2. Dùng cu trúc [S Ved O as children grow up to...]
Those who were maltreated as children often GROW UP TO HAVE health problems
7.7 Thay thế cho For example/instance
Khi viết essay, ngoài các cm t quen thuc như "For example" hay "For instance", mi người s s dng cách nào đ đưa ra ví d mà không lp li các cm t trên?
Nếu bn nào chưa biết làm thế nào có th tham kho 1 vài cách sau nhé
1- A good example of this is (that) = A typical example of this is that
2- To illustrate,
3- This has been proved
4- This is particularly the case for ...( = this is true for)
Ví d
Câu gc
Playing video games can be very harmful. For example, many students find it hard to concentrate on their studies due to prolonged exposure to a screen.

Cách 1
Playing video games can be very harmful. A GOOD EXAMPLE OF THIS is that many students find it hard to concentrate on their studies due to prolonged screen exposure
Cách 2
Playing video games can be very harmful. THIS IS PARTICULARLY THE CASE FOR those who are unable to concentrate on their studies due to prolonged screen exposure

7.7 S dng hiu qu hơn t AS
T AS thường được dùng vi nghĩa ging WHEN (Khi mà) hoc BECAUSE (Bi vì). Tuy nhiên, ngoài các nghĩa này ra, t AS s dng khá ph biến trong c văn viết ln văn nói.
Dưới đây là mt s ví d
1. NÓI V HOT ĐNG NHÓM HOC GIA ĐÌNH
- teamwork skills
Câu gc
Teamwork skills play an important role in school success.
Vit li s dng AS
The ability to work together AS A TEAM plays an important role in success at school
Câu gc
Shopping has benefits if the whole family goes together
Viết li s dng AS
To a certain extent, shopping has benefits if they go together AS A FAMILY
HOC KHI NÓI V NGH NGHIP
Câu gc
He wants to get a job, which is related to English language teaching.
Viết li s dng AS
He is applying for a job AS AN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER.
2. KHI NÓI V CÁC CÁ TH NM MT PHN TRONG MT NHÓM
- Ví d như khi nói v các môn hc trong chương trình hc
Câu gc
Schools should introduce arts subjects
Viết li s dng AS PART OF
Arts subjects should be included AS PART OF the school’s curriculum.
- Hoc khi nói v kế hoch
- Ví d như khi nói v các môn hc trong chương trình hc
Câu gc
Many schools are trying to make best use of technology. This is part of a plan to cut expenses.
Viết li s dng AS PART OF
Many schools are trying to make best use of technology AS PART OF A PLAN to cut expenses.
3. KHI DIN T MT THÔNG TIN CÓ KÈM MC ĐÍCH
Câu gc
The government has launched many educational campaigns. The purpose of these campaigns is to raise public awareness of environmental issues.
Viết li s dng AS A WAY TO
The government has launched many educational campaigns AS A WAY TO raise public awareness of environmental issues.

7.8 Thay thế cho t LIFE
Mt t khá d dùng trong writing là t LIFE. Tuy nhiên nhiu bn ch nm được nhng cách nói đơn gin ca t này. Dưới đây mình chia s mt s cách nói mà mi người có th bt gp trong các báo chí, tài liu ca các bn Tây :D :D và tt nhiên, s rt tt nếu dùng các cm t này trong IELTS.
Câu gc
Many children do not enjoy their studies at school hoc đơn gin nói Many children do not
like to study at school.
Viết li
Some children find SCHOOL LIFE harder than others
2. Trong các ch đ như cities & the countryside (thành th và nông thôn), mt s bn có th nói
Many people find life in a big city less enjoyable than (that) in the countryside.
Thay vì như trên, có th nói như sau
For many, CITY LIFE is less enjoyable than COUNTRYSIDE LIFE
7.9 Educate
Trong bài thi viết, đôi khi bn s cn phi kết thúc bài bng 1 câu mang tính cht gii pháp cho vn đ, và thường là liên quan đến 'educate'. Mình gi ý mt vài cu trúc có th s dng khi nói v trách nhim ca chính ph đi vi giáo dc, bn nào thy hay thì có th lưu li nhé
Câu gc: The government should educate
Viết li
1- launch educational programmes to do smth
The government should LAUNCH EDUCATION PROGRAMMES to discourage smoking
2- raise public awareness of

The government should RAISE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF the potential dangers of video games.

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